In `C_4` plants ,

Options

A. grana is present in mesophyll cells and absent in bundle sheath cells.
B. grana is absent in mesophyll cells and present in bundle sheath cells.
C. grana is present in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
D. grana are absent in both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.

Answer

To answer the question about C4 plants, we will break down the information step by step.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding C4 Plants**:
- C4 plants are a type of plant that have adapted to efficiently fix carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, especially in conditions of high light intensity, high temperatures, and low carbon dioxide concentrations.

**Hint**: C4 plants are known for their efficiency in photosynthesis under specific environmental conditions.

2. **Photorespiration Avoidance**:
- One of the key features of C4 plants is that they avoid photorespiration, a process that can waste energy and carbon. They do this by utilizing a different pathway for carbon fixation.

**Hint**: Remember that avoiding photorespiration is a significant advantage of C4 plants.

3. **Hatch-Slack Pathway**:
- C4 plants utilize the Hatch-Slack pathway for carbon fixation. This pathway involves the initial fixation of carbon dioxide into a four-carbon compound.

**Hint**: The Hatch-Slack pathway is crucial for the functioning of C4 plants.

4. **Specialized Cells**:
- C4 plants have two types of specialized cells:
- **Mesophyll Cells**: These cells are located in the leaf and contain a large number of chloroplasts (grana).
- **Bundle Sheath Cells**: These cells surround the vascular bundles and typically lack grana.

**Hint**: Distinguishing between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells is key to understanding C4 plant anatomy.

5. **C4 Plant Anatomy (Kranz Anatomy)**:
- C4 plants exhibit a unique leaf structure known as Kranz anatomy, characterized by the arrangement of mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.

**Hint**: Kranz anatomy is an important feature of C4 plants that helps in efficient photosynthesis.

6. **Analyzing the Options**:
- Based on the information:
- **Option 1**: Grana is present in mesophyll cells and absent in bundle sheath cells. This statement is correct.
- **Options 2, 3, and 4**: These options are incorrect based on the established characteristics of C4 plants.

**Hint**: Always compare the options with the known characteristics of C4 plants to identify the correct answer.

### Final Answer:
The correct answer is **Option 1**: Grana is present in mesophyll cells and absent in bundle sheath cells.