Which of the following process will bring about genetic variation?

Options

A. Autogamy
B. Out-crossing
C. Cross pollination
D. Both (b) and (c)

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Genetic Variation**: Genetic variation refers to the differences in the genetic makeup of individuals within a population. It is crucial for evolution and adaptation.

2. **Analyzing Autogamy**:
- Autogamy is a form of self-pollination where the pollen from a flower fertilizes the ovule of the same flower.
- Since the genetic material of both the male and female gametes is identical (from the same flower), this process does not introduce any genetic variation.
- Therefore, autogamy does not bring about genetic variation.

3. **Analyzing Outcrossing**:
- Outcrossing, also known as outbreeding, involves the mating of individuals from different breeds or genetic backgrounds.
- This process combines different genetic materials, leading to offspring with varied genetic traits.
- Hence, outcrossing does contribute to genetic variation.

4. **Analyzing Cross-Pollination**:
- Cross-pollination occurs when pollen from one flower fertilizes the ovule of another flower.
- Since the two flowers are genetically different, the resulting offspring will have a mix of genetic traits from both parent flowers.
- Therefore, cross-pollination also leads to genetic variation.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, autogamy does not bring about genetic variation, while both outcrossing and cross-pollination do.
- Thus, the processes that bring about genetic variation are outcrossing and cross-pollination.

6. **Final Answer**: The correct answer is option 4, which states that both outcrossing and cross-pollination will bring about genetic variation.

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