Which of the following plants are water pollinated ?

Options

A. Zostera
B. Vallisneria
C. Hydrilla
D. All of above

Answer

To determine which of the following plants are water-pollinated, we need to analyze each option provided in the question:

1. **Zosteria**: This is an aquatic plant that is known to exhibit water pollination. The process occurs beneath the water, which is referred to as hypohydrophilae. The pollen grains are lightweight and have a mucilaginous covering that prevents them from getting wet, allowing for successful pollination.

2. **Valisneria**: This plant also undergoes water pollination, but the process occurs at the surface of the water, known as epihydrophilae. Similar to Zosteria, Valisneria has adaptations that allow its pollen to float and be carried by water currents.

3. **Hydrilla**: Like the other two, Hydrilla is also an aquatic plant that utilizes water for pollination. It shares similar characteristics with Zosteria and Valisneria regarding the structure of its pollen grains and the mechanism of pollination.

4. **All of the above**: Since all three plants (Zosteria, Valisneria, and Hydrilla) are known to be water-pollinated, the correct answer is that all of these plants are water-pollinated.

**Final Answer**: All of the above (Zosteria, Valisneria, and Hydrilla) are water-pollinated plants.