Plasmids are extra-chromosomal genetic material found in

Options

A. Algae
B. Mammalian cell
C. Bacteria
D. Viruses

Answer

To answer the question "Plasmids are extra-chromosomal genetic material found in:", we will go through the following steps:

### Step 1: Understand what plasmids are
Plasmids are small, circular pieces of DNA that are separate from the chromosomal DNA in a cell. They are considered extra-chromosomal because they exist outside the main chromosome.

**Hint:** Remember that plasmids are distinct from chromosomal DNA and are often circular in shape.

### Step 2: Identify the characteristics of plasmids
Plasmids have the ability to replicate independently within the cell. This means they can reproduce themselves without relying on the cell's chromosomal DNA replication process.

**Hint:** Focus on the ability of plasmids to replicate on their own as a key feature.

### Step 3: Determine where plasmids are commonly found
Plasmids are primarily found in bacteria. They play a significant role in various biological processes, including antibiotic resistance and genetic engineering.

**Hint:** Think about the organisms that commonly utilize plasmids for genetic functions.

### Step 4: Relate plasmids to biotechnology
Plasmids are widely used in biotechnology, particularly in recombinant DNA technology, where they serve as vectors to transfer genetic material into other cells.

**Hint:** Consider the applications of plasmids in scientific research and genetic engineering.

### Conclusion
Based on the above steps, the correct answer to the question is that plasmids are extra-chromosomal genetic material found in **bacteria**.

**Final Answer:** Option 3: Bacteria