Bacteria on its outer layer contains

Options

A. glycocalyx
B. cell membrane
C. cell wall
D. all of these

Answer

To answer the question "Bacteria on its outer layer contains," we need to analyze the components that make up the outer layer of bacteria. Let's break it down step by step.

### Step 1: Identify the outer layer components of bacteria
Bacteria have several layers, and the outermost layer is primarily composed of glycocalyx, which is a structure that surrounds the cell wall and membrane.

**Hint:** Think about the layers of a bacterial cell and which one is the outermost.

### Step 2: Understand the structure of glycocalyx
Glycocalyx is also referred to as the "sugar coat." It consists of a network of polysaccharides that project from the surface of the bacterial cell. This layer can be categorized into two types: a slime layer and a capsule.

**Hint:** Remember that glycocalyx is made of sugars and serves as a protective layer.

### Step 3: Distinguish between glycocalyx, cell wall, and cell membrane
- **Glycocalyx**: The outermost layer, which helps in attachment and protection.
- **Cell wall**: Located beneath the glycocalyx, providing structural support and shape.
- **Cell membrane (plasma membrane)**: The innermost layer that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

**Hint:** Visualize the layers of a bacterial cell like an onion, with glycocalyx on the outside, followed by the cell wall, and then the cell membrane.

### Step 4: Analyze the options given
The options provided are:
1. Glycocalyx
2. Cell membranes
3. Cell wall
4. All of these

Since the question asks about the outer layer of bacteria, the correct answer should include all components that are present in the outer structure.

**Hint:** Consider which components are actually part of the outer layer when making your choice.

### Step 5: Conclusion
The correct answer to the question is **"All of these"** because the outer layer of bacteria includes glycocalyx, the cell wall, and the cell membrane.

**Final Answer:** All of these