To solve the question regarding the type of evolution seen between flying insects, birds, and bats, we can follow these steps:
### Step-by-Step Solution:
1. **Understand the Types of Evolution**:
- Familiarize yourself with the four types of evolution mentioned: divergent evolution, parallel evolution, retrogressive metamorphosis, and convergent evolution.
2. **Define Each Type**:
- **Divergent Evolution**: This occurs when related species evolve different traits, leading to homologous organs (similar structure, different function).
- **Parallel Evolution**: This is when two or more related species evolve in similar ways due to similar environmental pressures.
- **Retrogressive Metamorphosis**: This refers to a process where an organism loses certain features as it develops, such as a tadpole losing its tail when it becomes a frog.
- **Convergent Evolution**: This occurs when unrelated species evolve similar traits independently, leading to analogous organs (different structure, similar function).
3. **Analyze the Given Organisms**:
- The question mentions flying insects, birds, and bats. Although these organisms belong to different taxonomic groups, they all have developed the ability to fly.
4. **Identify the Type of Evolution**:
- Since flying insects, birds, and bats have evolved the ability to fly independently, despite their different structures, this is an example of convergent evolution. They have developed analogous structures (wings) that serve the same function (flight) but are structurally different.
5. **Select the Correct Answer**:
- Based on the analysis, the correct answer to the question is **convergent evolution**.
### Final Answer:
The kind of evolution seen between flying insects, birds, and bats is **convergent evolution**.
---
