What is the major product (Z) of the reaction?
`PhCOOH underset(H_2SO_4)overset(HNO_3)(rarr) overset(Sn//HCl)(rarr)underset(HCl)overset(NaNO_2)(rarr)underset(Delta)overset(H_2O)(rarr)`

Options

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B.
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D.

Answer

To determine the major product (Z) of the reaction sequence provided, we will break down each step of the reaction:

### Step 1: Nitration of Benzoic Acid
- **Starting Material**: Benzoic acid (PhCOOH).
- **Reagents**: HNO3 and H2SO4.
- **Reaction**: The nitration of benzoic acid occurs, where the nitro group (NO2) is introduced onto the benzene ring. Since the carboxylic acid group (COOH) is a meta-directing group, the nitro group will attach at the meta position relative to the COOH group.
- **Product**: Meta-nitrobenzoic acid (m-NO2-PhCOOH).

### Step 2: Reduction of Nitro Group to Amino Group
- **Starting Material**: Meta-nitrobenzoic acid (m-NO2-PhCOOH).
- **Reagents**: Sn and HCl.
- **Reaction**: The nitro group (NO2) is reduced to an amino group (NH2) using Sn/HCl as a reducing agent.
- **Product**: Meta-aminobenzoic acid (m-NH2-PhCOOH).

### Step 3: Formation of Diazonium Salt
- **Starting Material**: Meta-aminobenzoic acid (m-NH2-PhCOOH).
- **Reagents**: NaNO2 and HCl.
- **Reaction**: The amino group (NH2) is converted into a diazonium salt (N2Cl) in the presence of NaNO2 and HCl.
- **Product**: Meta-diazobenzenecarboxylic acid (m-N2Cl-PhCOOH).

### Step 4: Replacement of Diazonium Group with Hydroxyl Group
- **Starting Material**: Meta-diazobenzenecarboxylic acid (m-N2Cl-PhCOOH).
- **Reagents**: Water (H2O).
- **Reaction**: The diazonium group (N2Cl) is hydrolyzed to form a hydroxyl group (OH) when treated with water.
- **Product**: Meta-hydroxybenzoic acid (m-OH-PhCOOH).

### Final Product (Z)
- The final major product (Z) of the reaction sequence is **Meta-hydroxybenzoic acid**.

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