The first phase translation is :

Options

A. Recognition of DNA molecule
B. Aminoacylation of tRNA
C. Recognition of an anti-codon
D. Binding of mRNA to ribosome

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Translation**: Translation is the biological process where proteins are synthesized from messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences. It involves several key steps and components, including mRNA, transfer RNA (tRNA), ribosomes, and amino acids.

2. **Identifying the First Phase**: The question asks for the first phase of translation. In this context, translation begins with the preparation of tRNA, which is crucial for the subsequent steps.

3. **Amino Acylation of tRNA**: The first phase of translation is known as "amino acylation of tRNA." This process involves the attachment of an amino acid to its corresponding tRNA molecule. This is also referred to as "charging" the tRNA.

4. **Mechanism of Amino Acylation**: During amino acylation, an enzyme called aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase catalyzes the reaction that attaches the amino acid to the tRNA. Each amino acid has a specific tRNA that corresponds to it, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain during translation.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the first phase of translation is the amino acylation of tRNA, which is essential for the subsequent steps of translation where the ribosome assembles the amino acids into a polypeptide chain based on the mRNA sequence.

**Final Answer**: The first phase of translation is amino acylation of tRNA.

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