What is correct formulation of Hardy Weinberg law?

Options

A. `p^(2)+2pq+q^(2)=1`
B. `p^(2)+pq+q^(2)=1`
C. `p^(2)+2pq+q^(2)=0`
D. `p^(2)+pq+q^(2)=0`

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Hardy-Weinberg Law**: The Hardy-Weinberg Law is a fundamental principle in population genetics that describes how allele and genotype frequencies in a population remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences.

2. **Formulation of the Law**: The law is mathematically represented by the equation:
\[ p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 \]
where:
- \( p \) is the frequency of the dominant allele,
- \( q \) is the frequency of the recessive allele.

3. **Components of the Equation**:
- \( p^2 \): Represents the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals (AA).
- \( 2pq \): Represents the frequency of heterozygous individuals (Aa).
- \( q^2 \): Represents the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals (aa).

4. **Understanding the Frequencies**:
- The sum of the frequencies of all genotypes in a population must equal 1, which is why the equation is set equal to 1.

5. **Conclusion**: Based on the explanation above, the correct formulation of the Hardy-Weinberg Law is:
\[ p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 \]

**Final Answer**: The correct formulation of Hardy-Weinberg law is \( p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 \).

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