Which is used in production of insulin by genetic engineering?

Options

A. Rhizobium
B. Saccharomyces
C. Mycobacterium
D. Escherichia

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Insulin**: Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels and is naturally produced by the pancreas.

2. **Genetic Engineering Context**: In the context of genetic engineering, scientists can produce insulin artificially by inserting the gene responsible for insulin production into a suitable host organism.

3. **Identifying the Host Organism**: The question provides several options: Azobium, Saccharomyces, Mycobacterium, and Escherichia.

4. **Selecting the Right Organism**: Among these options, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most commonly used organism for the production of insulin through genetic engineering. This bacterium is favored due to its rapid growth and ability to produce large quantities of proteins.

5. **The Process**: The process involves:
- Isolating the insulin gene.
- Inserting it into a plasmid vector.
- Introducing this vector into E. coli.
- Providing a nutrient medium for the bacteria to grow and produce insulin.
- Harvesting the insulin produced by the bacteria.

6. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the organism used in the production of insulin by genetic engineering is **Escherichia coli (E. coli)**.

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