Match the columns-
`{:(,"Column A",,"Column B"),(A.,"Soil erosion",1.,"Slash and burn agriculture"),(B.,"Jhum cultivation",2.,"El Nino effect"),(C.,"Water logging",3.,"Desertification"),(D.,"Rise in temperature",4.,"Soil salinity"):}`

Options

A. A - 1, B - 3, C - 2, D - 4
B. A - 3, B - 1, C - 2, D - 4
C. A - 3, B - 1, C - 4, D - 2
D. A - 1, B - 3, C - 4, D - 2

Answer

To solve the matching question, we need to analyze the terms in Column A and find their corresponding terms in Column B based on their definitions and relationships.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Identify the first term in Column A: Soil Erosion**
- Soil erosion occurs when the soil is worn away, often due to the removal of vegetation. When trees die or are removed, their roots no longer hold the soil, leading to erosion. This process can lead to desertification, where the land becomes barren and desert-like.
- **Match:** A (Soil Erosion) → 3 (Desertification)

2. **Identify the second term in Column A: Jhum Cultivation**
- Jhum cultivation, also known as slash and burn agriculture, involves clearing land by burning vegetation and then using it for agriculture. After harvesting, the land is left fallow to regain its fertility.
- **Match:** B (Jhum Cultivation) → 1 (Slash and Burn Agriculture)

3. **Identify the third term in Column A: Water Logging**
- Water logging occurs when soil becomes saturated with water, preventing it from absorbing more. This leads to an increase in soil salinity and can negatively affect soil fertility.
- **Match:** C (Water Logging) → 4 (Soil Salinity)

4. **Identify the fourth term in Column A: Rise in Temperature**
- The rise in temperature can be associated with the El Nino effect, which is characterized by the warming of ocean waters in the Pacific, leading to various climatic changes.
- **Match:** D (Rise in Temperature) → 2 (El Nino Effect)

### Final Matches:
- A → 3 (Soil Erosion → Desertification)
- B → 1 (Jhum Cultivation → Slash and Burn Agriculture)
- C → 4 (Water Logging → Soil Salinity)
- D → 2 (Rise in Temperature → El Nino Effect)

### Summary of Matches:
- A - 3
- B - 1
- C - 4
- D - 2