Mention the function of Synergids and polar nuclei in embryo sac.

Explanation

(b) Embryogeny in Dicots. In a typical dicot the zygote elongates and then divides by a transverse wall into two unequal cells. The larger basal cell is called suspensor cell. The other towards the antipodal end is termed as terminal cell or embryo cell. The suspensor cell divides transversely a few times to produce a filamentous suspensor of 6-10 cells. The suspensor helps In pushing the embryo in the endosperm. The first cell of the suspensor towards the micropylar end becomes swollen and functions as a haustorium. The haustorium has wall ingrowths similar to transfer cells. The last cell of the suspensor at the end adjacent to the embryo is known as hypophysis Hypophysis later gives rise to the radicle and root cap.
The embryo cell undergoes two vertical divisions (quadrant stage) and one transverse division to form eight cells arranged in two tiers (octant stage epibasal terminal and hypobasal (near the suspensor). The epibasal cells eventually form the two cotyledons and the plumule. The hypobasal cells produce the hypocotyl except its tip The eight embryonic cells or octants divide periclinally to produce an outer layer of protoderm or dermatogen. The inner cells differentiate further into procambium ( plerome) and ground meristem (= periblem. Protein forms epidermis, procambium gives rise to stele or vascular strand and ground meristem produces cortex and pith Initially the embryo is globular and undifferentiated. Early embryo with radial symmetry is called proembryo. It is transformed into embryo with the development of radicle, plumule and cotyledons. Two cotyledons differentiate from the sides with a faint plumule in the centre. At this time the embryo becomes heart-shaped. The rate of growth of the cotyledons is very high so that they elongate tremendously while the plumule remains as a small mound of undifferentiated tissue