Write the possible causes of fernale infertility in relation to ovulation.

Explanation

Causes of Infertility in Women
(i) Ovulation disorders Problems with ovulation are the common causes of infertility in women. Ovulation is the monthly release of an egg. Some women never release eggs, while some do not release eggs during regular cycles. Ovulation disorders can be due to (a) Premature ovarian failure The ovaries sto functioning properly before 40 years of age. (b) PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) The ovaries function abnormally. Such women have abnormally high levels of androgens. About 5% to 10% of women in the reproductive age range are affected by this syndrome. (e) Hyperprolactinemia If the prolactin-is high to those women who are not pregnant or not in breast feeding period, then they may effect of an ovulation and infertility. (d) Poor egg quality Eggs that are damaged or develop genetic abnormality cannot sustain a pregnancy. Older women are at a higher risk.
(ii) Problems in the uterus or Fallopian tubes The egg travels from the ovary to the uterus (womb) through the Fallopian tube, where the fertilisation of the egg takes place. If there is something wrong in the uterus or the Fallopian tubes the woman may not be able to conceive naturally.
This may be due to
(a) Surgery Pelvic surgery may sometimes cause damage to the Fallopian tubes. Cervical surgery may sometimes cause shortening of the cervix. The cervix is the neck of the uterus. (b) Submucosal fibroids Benign or non-cancerous tumours found in the muscular wall of the uterus, occurrin 30-40% of women in the child bearing age. They may interfere with implantation. They may also block the Fallopian tube preventing sperm from fertilising the egg. Large submucosal uterine fibroids make the uterus cavity bigger, increasing the
distance the sperm has to travel. (e) Endometriosis Cells that are normally found within the lining of the uterus start growing elsewhere in the body. (d) Previous sterilisation treatment If a woman has her Fallopian tubes blocked, it is possible to reverse the process. But, the chances of becoming fertile again are low.