Give an account of the monohybrid cross explained by Mendel. Also explain the conclusion drawn by him from the experiment

Explanation

A monohydrid cross involves a single pair of contrasting traits of a character. When Mendel crossed a true breeding tall plant with the dwarf plant, the F,-plants were all tall. Then, the Frtall plants were self-pollinated and in the F2-generation, the tall and dwarf plants appeared in the ratio of almost 3:1. The plants of F2-generation on self-pollination produced `F_(3)` generation where all the dwarf plants produced only dwarf plants. The dwarf plants were thus true breeding. Out of the tall plants two third tall plants produced tall and dwarf plants in the ratio of 3 :1. Hence, two third tall plants were not true breeding. The rest one third tall plants of `F_(2)` produced only tall plants which means that they were true breeding. The same results were obtained in reciprocal crosses and also with all the seven pairs of alternative forms of characters.

nference Drawn by Mendel based on Monohybrid Cross Mendel formulated following postulates based on his experiment on monohybrid cross.
(i) Factors of genetics It states that characters are controlled by a pair of unit factors. These factors are now called alleles. A pure breeding tall plant, therefore, contains two similar factors for tallness as TT. and a pure breeding dwarf contains .tt..
(ii) Dominance and recessive traits Among two dissimilar unit factors present in an individual, only one expresses itself. The character expressing is called dominant whereas the other one is recessive.
(Hi) Segregation of traits The contrasting alleles do not blend. They separate from each other during gamete formation by `F_(1)` hydrid.