A compound A of molecular formula `C_(3)H_(7)O_(2)N` on reaction with iron and concentrated HCl gives a compound B of molecular formula `C_(3)H_(9)N`. Compound B on treatment with `NaNO_(2)` and HCl gives another compound C of molecular formula `C_(3)H_(8)O`. Compound C gives effervescence with sodium. On oxidation with `CrO_(3)`, compound C gives a saturated aldehyde containing three carbon atoms. Deduce the structures of compounds A, B and C and write the equations of the reactions involved.

Explanation

The given reactions suggest that the compound A having molecular formula `C_(3)H_(7)O_(2)` is 1-nitropropane, `CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)NO_(2)`. Starting with this compound, the compounds B and C can be identified with the help of the given reactions as follows
`underset("1-nitropropane A")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)NO_(2)) underset(4H)overset(Fe//HCl)rarr underset("Propan-1-amine B")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)NH_(2)) + 2H_(2)O underset(B)(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)NH_(2)) + HNO_(2) overset(NaNO_(2)//HCl)rarr underset("Propan-1-ol C")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)OH) + N_(2)uarr + H_(2)O`
`underset((C ))(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)OH) + Na rarr CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2) overset(-)(O) overset(+)(Na) + underset("Effervescence")(1//2H_(2))`
`underset((C ))(CH_(3)CH_(2)CH_(2)OH) + [O] overset(CrO_(3))rarr underset("Propanal (Saturated aldehyde containing three C-atoms)")(CH_(3)CH_(2)CHO+ H_(2)O)`
Hence, the compounds A, B and C are 1-nitropropane, propan-1-amine and propan-1-ol, respectively.