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Electric field is the electrostatic forc...

Electric field is the electrostatic force per unit charge acting on a vanishingly small test charge placed at that point. It is a vector quantity and the electric field inside a charged conductor is zero. Electric flux `phi` is the total number of electric lines of force passing through a surface in a direction normal to the surface when the surface is placed inside the electric field.
`phi=ointvecE.vec(ds)=q/epsilon_0`
If there is only one type of charge in the universe, then

A

`undersetsointvecE.vec(ds)ne0` on any surface.

B

`undersetsointvecE.vec(ds)e0` if there is charge outside the surface.

C

`ointvecE.vec(ds)=q/epsilon_0` if charges of magnitude q wave inside the surface.

D

both (b) and (c) are correct

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