A small magnet is pivoted to move freely in the magnetic meridian. At what place on the earth's surface, will the magnet be vertical?

Magnetic meridian is a

At which place on the earth, the earth's magnetic field becoes horizontal?

Define magnetic elements of Earth.

A magnet is kept fixed with its length parallel to the magnetic meridian. An identical magnet is parallel to this such that its center lies on perpendicular bisector of both. If the second magnet is free to move, it will have

A dip circle is adjusted so that its needle moves freely in the magnetic meridian. In this position, the angle of dip ia 45^(@) . Now the dip circle is rotated so that the plane in which the needle moves makes an angle of 30^(@) with the magnetic meridian. In this position the needle will dip by an angle

The earth's magnetic field may be considered to be due to a short magnet placed at the centre of the earth and oriented along the magnetic south-north direction. the ratio of the magnitude of the magnetic field on the earth's surface of magnetic equator to that at the magnetic poles