What are the assumptions followed in study refraction from sperical surfaces?

What are the assumptions made during the calculation of net gain of ATP?

Write formula for refraction of light from a single spherical surface.

What are the differences between reflection and refraction?

What is refraction of light?

What is refraction of light?

What are the two assumptions on which Huygens' principle is based? Explain Huygen's geometrical construction for the wavefronts.