A `0K` temperature, a `p`-type semiconductor

Options

A. does not have any charge carriers
B. has few holes but no free electrons.
C. has few holes and few free electrons.
D. has equal number of holes and free electrons.

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the behavior of a p-type semiconductor at 0 Kelvin, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding p-type Semiconductors**:
- A p-type semiconductor is one that has been doped with acceptor impurities, which create holes in the valence band. These holes can be thought of as positive charge carriers.

2. **Energy Bands at 0 Kelvin**:
- At absolute zero (0 K), the thermal energy available to the electrons is nearly zero. This means that electrons do not have enough energy to jump from the valence band to the conduction band.

3. **Behavior of Electrons and Holes**:
- In a p-type semiconductor, the valence band is filled with electrons, and there are holes present due to the acceptor impurities. However, at 0 K, since electrons cannot gain sufficient energy to move to the conduction band, they remain in the valence band.

4. **Filling of Holes**:
- As the electrons in the valence band cannot move to the conduction band, they may recombine with some of the holes. This results in a decrease in the number of holes present in the semiconductor.

5. **Conclusion**:
- At 0 K, there will be no free electrons available because they cannot move to the conduction band. Additionally, the number of holes will be fewer than at higher temperatures since some of the holes will be filled by electrons from the valence band.

6. **Final Answer**:
- Therefore, the correct statement about a p-type semiconductor at 0 K is that it has few holes but no free electrons.