Xenia nd metaxenia are related to

Options

A. pollen culture
B. xylem and pholem
C. only endosperm
D. pollen and endosperm

Explanation

To solve the question regarding Xenia and Metaxenia, we need to understand their definitions and how they relate to the effects of pollen on plants.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Xenia**:
- Xenia refers to the direct effect of pollen grains on the seed and fruit characteristics that are outside the embryo. This means that the traits of the seeds and fruits can be influenced by the genetic material from the pollen that fertilizes the ovule.
- **Example**: Maize (corn) is a classic example of Xenia, where the characteristics of the kernels can be influenced by the pollen from different maize plants.

2. **Understanding Metaxenia**:
- Metaxenia, on the other hand, refers to the effect of pollen on the maternal tissues, specifically the testa (seed coat) and the fruit wall. This means that while the embryo itself is formed from the fertilized ovule, the surrounding tissues can still be influenced by the pollen.
- **Example**: Date palm is an example of Metaxenia, where the characteristics of the fruit wall can be affected by the pollen.

3. **Identifying the Relationship**:
- Both Xenia and Metaxenia are related to the effects of pollen on plant reproduction and development. They are not related to vascular tissues (xylem and phloem) or to the endosperm, which serves as a nutritive tissue for the developing embryo.

4. **Conclusion**:
- Since both terms are specifically about the effects of pollen, the correct answer to the question is "pollen culture." This indicates that both Xenia and Metaxenia are directly related to the influence of pollen on seed and fruit development.

### Final Answer:
Xenia and Metaxenia are related to pollen culture.