Assertion : Aldol condensation can be catalysed both by acids and bases.
Reason : `beta`- hydroxy aldehydes or ketones readily undergo acid catalysed dehydration.

Options

A. If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
B. If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion
C. If assertion is true but reason is false
D. If both assertion and reason are false.

Explanation

To solve the question, we need to analyze both the assertion and the reason provided.

### Step 1: Understand the Assertion
The assertion states that "Aldol condensation can be catalyzed both by acids and bases."

**Explanation**:
Aldol condensation is a reaction where two aldehydes or ketones react in the presence of a base or acid to form β-hydroxy aldehydes or ketones, which can further dehydrate to form α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. Both acidic and basic conditions can facilitate this reaction.

### Step 2: Understand the Reason
The reason states that "β-hydroxy aldehydes or ketones readily undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration."

**Explanation**:
Once β-hydroxy aldehydes or ketones are formed, they can lose a molecule of water (dehydrate) to form α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. This dehydration can occur more readily under acidic conditions, where the hydroxyl group can be protonated to form a better leaving group (water).

### Step 3: Analyze the Relationship
Now we need to determine if the reason correctly explains the assertion.

- The assertion is true: Aldol condensation can indeed be catalyzed by both acids and bases.
- The reason is also true: β-hydroxy aldehydes or ketones do undergo acid-catalyzed dehydration.

However, the reason does not directly explain why aldol condensation can be catalyzed by both acids and bases. The assertion is about the catalysis of the aldol condensation itself, while the reason focuses on the dehydration step that follows.

### Conclusion
Both statements are true, but the reason does not serve as the correct explanation for the assertion. Therefore, the answer is:

**Answer**: Both the assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation for the assertion.

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