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Assertion (A) Chlorine is absorbed as Cl...

Assertion (A) Chlorine is absorbed as `Cl^(-)` ions . Its precise role is not well known . However with `Na^(+)andK^(+)` , it help in determining solute concentration and anion - cation balance in cells.
Reason (R ) Chlorine plays an important role in photosynthesis and takes part in the water splitting reaction ,thus releasing `O_(2)`.

A

If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.

B

If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

C

If Assertion is true but Reason is false.

D

If both Assertion and Reason and false.

Text Solution

Verified by Experts

The correct Answer is:
A
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The colloidal particles are electrically charged as a indicated by their migration towards cathode or anode under the applied electric field. In a particular colloidal system, all particles carry either positive charge or negative charge. The electric charge on colloidal particles orginate in several ways. According to preferential adsorption theory, the freshly obtained precipitate particles adsorb ions from the dispersion medium, which are common to their lattice and acquire the charge of adsorbed ions. For example, For example, freshly obtained Fe(OH)_(3) precipitated is dispersed, by a little FeCl_(3) , into colloidal solution owing to the adsorption of Fe^(3+) ions in preference. Thus sol particles will be positively charged. In some cases the colloidal particles are aggregates of cations or anions having ampiphilic character. When the ions posses hydrophobic part (hydrocarbon end) as well as hydrophilic part (polar end group), they undergo association in aqueous solution to form particles having colloidal size. The formation of such particles, called micelles plays a very important role in the solubilization of water insoluble substances, (hydrocarbon, oils, fats, grease etc.). In micelles, the polar end groups are directed towards water and the hydrocarbon ends into the centre. The charge on sol particles of proteins depends on the pH. At low pH, the basic group of protein molecule is ionized (protonated) and at higher pH (alkaline medium), the acidic group is ionized. At isoelectric pH, characteristic to the protein, both basix and acidic groups are equally ionized. The stability of colloidal solution is attributed largely to the electric charge of the dispersed particles. This charge causes them to be coagulated or precipitated. On addition of small amount of electrolytes, the ions carrying oppiste charge are adsorbed by sol particles resulting in the neutralization of their charge. When the sol particles either with no charge or reduced charge, come closer due to Brownian movement, they coalesce to form bigger particles resulting in their separation from the dispersion medium. This is what is called coagulating or precipitation of the colloidal solution. The coagulating power of the effective ion, which depend on its charge, is expressed in terms of its coagulating value, defined as its minimum concentration (m mol/L) needed to precipitate a given sol. Under the influence of an electric field, the particles in a sol migrate towards cathode. The coagulation of the same sol is studied using NaCl, Na_(2)SO_(4) and Na_(3)PO_(4) solutions. Their coagulating values will be in the order :

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The colloidal particles are electrically charged as a indicated by their migration towards cathode or anode under the applied electric field. In a particular colloidal system, all particles carry either positive charge or negative charge. The electric charge on colloidal particles orginate in several ways. According to preferential adsorption theory, the freshly obtained precipitate particles adsorb ions from the dispersion medium, which are common to their lattice and acquire the charge of adsorbed ions. For example, For example, freshly obtained Fe(OH)_(3) precipitated is dispersed, by a little FeCl_(3) , into colloidal solution owing to the adsorption of Fe^(3+) ions in preference. Thus sol particles will be positively charged. In some cases the colloidal particles are aggregates of cations or anions having ampiphilic character. When the ions posses hydrophobic part (hydrocarbon end) as well as hydrophilic part (polar end group), they undergo association in aqueous solution to form particles having colloidal size. The formation of such particles, called micelles plays a very important role in the solubilization of water insoluble substances, (hydrocarbon, oils, fats, grease etc.). In micelles, the polar end groups are directed towards water and the hydrocarbon ends into the centre. The charge on sol particles of proteins depends on the pH. At low pH, the basic group of protein molecule is ionized (protonated) and at higher pH (alkaline medium), the acidic group is ionized. At isoelectric pH, characteristic to the protein, both basix and acidic groups are equally ionized. The stability of colloidal solution is attributed largely to the electric charge of the dispersed particles. This charge causes them to be coagulated or precipitated. On addition of small amount of electrolytes, the ions carrying oppiste charge are adsorbed by sol particles resulting in the neutralization of their charge. When the sol particles either with no charge or reduced charge, come closer due to Brownian movement, they coalesce to form bigger particles resulting in their separation from the dispersion medium. This is what is called coagulating or precipitation of the colloidal solution. The coagulating power of the effective ion, which depend on its charge, is expressed in terms of its coagulating value, defined as its minimum concentration (m mol/L) needed to precipitate a given sol. How would you obtain a sol of AgI, the particles of which migrate towards cathode under the electric field?

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Alkali metals oxide are obtained by combustion of the metals.Although Na normally gives Na_2O_2 ,it will take up further oxygen at elevated pressure and temperature to form NaO_2 .The per and superoxides of the heavier alkalies can also be prepared by passing stoichiometric amounts of oxygen into their solution in liquid ammonia. The different alkali metal oxides can be distinguished by reaction with water.The superoxides reacts with CO_2 and give oxygen gas.The stability of per and superoxides is based upon that larger cation can stablise larger anion, due to larger lattice energy. Alkali metals dissolve in liquid ammonia.Dilute solutions are dark blue in colour but as the concentration increases above 3M, the colour changes to copper bronze and the solution acquires the metallic lusture due to the formation of metal ions clusters.The solutions of alkali metals in liquid ammonia are good conductors of electricity due to the presence of ammoniated cations and ammoniated electrons.However, the conductivity decreases as the concentrations increases, since ammoniated electrons and ammoniated cation associate. Solution of sodium metals in liquid ammonia is strongly reducing due to the presence of :

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Alkali metals oxide are obtained by combustion of the metals.Although Na normally gives Na_2O_2 ,it will take up further oxygen at elevated pressure and temperature to form NaO_2 .The per and superoxides of the heavier alkalies can also be prepared by passing stoichiometric amounts of oxygen into their solution in liquid ammonia. The different alkali metal oxides can be distinguished by reaction with water.The superoxides reacts with CO_2 and give oxygen gas.The stability of per and superoxides is based upon that larger cation can stablise larger anion, due to larger lattice energy. Alkali metals dissolve in liquid ammonia.Dilute solutions are dark blue in colour but as the concentration increases above 3M, the colour changes to copper bronze and the solution acquires the metallic lusture due to the formation of metal ions clusters.The solutions of alkali metals in liquid ammonia are good conductors of electricity due to the presence of ammoniated cations and ammoniated electrons.However, the conductivity decreases as the concentrations increases, since ammoniated electrons and ammoniated cation associate. On dissolving smaller (less than 3M) amount of sodium metal in liquid ammonia at low temperature , which one of the following does not occur ?