Assertion : Hardy-Weinberg principle states that in the absence of disturbing influences, gene frequencies of large populations of sexually reproducing organisms do not change , provided that matings occur at random.
Reason : The disturbing influences include mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, genetic recombination and natural selection.

Options

A. Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
B. Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
C. Assertion is true but reason is false.
D. Both assertion and reason are false.

Answer

To solve the question, we need to analyze both the assertion and the reason provided.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Assertion**:
- The assertion states that the Hardy-Weinberg principle indicates that in the absence of disturbing influences, the gene frequencies in large populations of sexually reproducing organisms remain constant, provided that mating occurs at random.
- This principle is fundamental in population genetics and is mathematically represented by the equations \( p + q = 1 \) and \( p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1 \), where \( p \) is the frequency of the dominant allele and \( q \) is the frequency of the recessive allele.

2. **Evaluating the Reason**:
- The reason given states that the disturbing influences include mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, genetic recombination, and natural selection.
- These factors can indeed disrupt the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by altering allele frequencies in a population.

3. **Determining the Truth of the Statements**:
- Both the assertion and the reason are true. The assertion correctly describes the Hardy-Weinberg principle, and the reason accurately lists the factors that can disturb this equilibrium.

4. **Assessing the Relationship Between Assertion and Reason**:
- While both statements are true, the reason does not provide a direct explanation for the assertion. The assertion explains the condition under which gene frequencies remain constant, while the reason lists factors that can disrupt this condition.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer is that both the assertion and the reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation for the assertion.

### Final Answer:
Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

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