How are new organisms formed?

The phenomenon whereby the female gamete undergoes development to form new organisms without fertilisation in some organisms like honey bees, some lizards and birds is called :

In a practical test, a student has to identify the organisms in which syngamy does not occur. In those organisms the female gamete undergoes development to form new organisms without fertilization. This phenomenon is called "X". Identify the organisms and the phenomenon "X".

Biotechnology utilizes new organisms developed from present organisms utilizing