Distinction between pairs of compounds
Aniline and N, N-dimethylaniline
1. Carbylamine test.
2. Reaction with Hinsberg's reagent.

Explanation

To distinguish between aniline and N,N-dimethylaniline using the Carbylamine test and the reaction with Hinsberg's reagent, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Carbylamine Test
- **Aniline**: Aniline (C6H5NH2) is a primary amine. When treated with chloroform (CHCl3) in the presence of a strong base like potassium hydroxide (KOH), it forms an isocyanide (carbylamine). The reaction can be summarized as follows:
\[ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{NH}_2 + \text{CHCl}_3 + \text{KOH} \rightarrow \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{N} \equiv \text{C} + \text{KCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
The formation of a foul-smelling isocyanide indicates a positive Carbylamine test.
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