Schotten-Baumann Reaction.

Explanation

Hydroxy or amino compounds on treatment with benzoyl chloride, `C_(6)H_(5)COCl`, in dilute alkali solution, yield corresponding benzoyl derivatives. The introduction of benzoyl radical, `C_(6)H_(5)CO`- in the hydroxy and amino compounds in this manner is called Schotten - Baumann reaction. For example,
`underset("Ethyl alcohol")(C_(2)H_(5)OH)+underset("Benzoyl chloride")(Cl-overset(O)overset(||)(C)-C_(6)H_(5))overset(NaOH)(to)underset("Ethyl benzoate")(C_(6)H_(5)-overset(O)overset(||)(C)-OC_(2)H_(5))+HCl`
`underset("Aniline")(C_(6)H_(5)NH_(2))+underset("Benzoyl chloride")(Cl-overset(O)overset(||)(C)-C_(6))H_(5)overset(NaOH)(to)underset("Benzanilide")(C_(6)H_(5)NHoverset(O)overset(||)(C).C_(6)H_(5))+HCl`
Alkali neotralises the HCl formed and dissolves any unreacted benzoyl chloride as sodium benzoate, `C_(6)H_(5)COONa`.