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Grove's process....

Grove's process.

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This method is used for the prepartion of alkyl chloride from alcohols by passing HCl gas through alcohol in presence of anhydrous zinc chloride.
`underset("Ethanol")(CH_(3)CH_(2)OH)+HClunderset(ZnCl_(2))overset("anhydrous")(to)CH_(3)CH_(2)Cl+H_(2)O`
`underset("(Isopropyl alcohol)")underset("Propan-2-ol")(CH_(3)-underset(H)underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)-OH)+HCl(g)overset("Anhydrous "ZnCl_(2))(to)underset("(Isopropyl chloride)")underset("2-Chloropropane")(CH_(3)-underset(H)underset(|)overset(CH_(3))overset(|)(C)-Cl)+H_(2)O`
Anhydrous `ZnCl_(2)` helps to cleave the C-O bond. `ZnCl_(2)` being a Lewis acid readily coordinates with the oxygen atom of alcohols. Consequently, C-O bond weakens and finally breaks to form carbocation. The carbocation then readily reacts with chloride ion to form chloroalkane.
Tertiary alcohols being highly reactive, can readily react with conc. HCl even in the absence of zinc chloride.
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