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Saponification...

Saponification

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Hydrolysis of an ester with an aqueous alkali (NaOH or KOH) to give the corresponding alcohol and the sodium or potassium salt of the fatty acid is called saponification. For example,
`CH_(3)COOC_(2)H_(5)+NaOHoverset("Heat")(to)underset("Sod. ethanoate")(CH_(3)COONa)+underset("Ethanol")(C_(2)H_(5)OH)`
Saponification of oil and fats (triglyceryl esters) gives glycerol and soaps (sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids). For example

(where `R_(1),R_(2),R_(3)` can be same or different)
Since, sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids are called soaps, alkaline hydrolysis of oils and fats is called saponification.
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A sample of peanut oil weighing 2g is added to 25mL of 0.40M KOH . After saponification is complete, 8.5mL of 0.28M H_2SO_4 is needed to nuetralize excess of KOH . The saponification number of peanut oil is : (saponification number is defined as the milligrams of KOH consumed by 1g of oil)

{:("Column-I","Column-II"),((A)C_2H_5-oversetoverset(O)(||)C-OH-overset(C_2H_5O^(Theta))to,(p)"Hydrolysis"),((B)C_2H_5-oversetoverset(O)(||)C-OH-overset(o+)overset(C_2H_5OH//H)to,(q)"Esterification"),((C )C_2H_5-oversetoverset(O)(||)C-OC_2H_5overset(H_3O^(o+))to,(r)"Saponification"),((D)C_2H_5-oversetoverset(O)(||)C-OC_2H_5overset(Theta)overset(OH)to,(s)"Acid base solution"),(,""):}