Explain how the vapours of crude oil rising up in the fractioning column of a fractional distillation set up are separated into different components.

Explanation

When crude oil is heated to a temeprature of about `400^(@)C` in a tall furnace, vapours are produced which then pass into a fractional column containing horizontal trays at different heights. The temperature of the fractionasting tower gradually decreases as we move from bottom to top. As the vapours rise through this column, different substnaces gradually reach temperatues just below their boiling points.
As a substance reaches below its boiling point, it condenses into liquid form and gets collected in the nearest tray.The rest of the vapour contiues moving up and other comonents subsequently condense and settle in trays at different heights. In this way, components with higher boiling points liquely at lower levels in the column and components with lower boiling points liquefy towards the top of the tower.