Describe how chlorine gas is prepared in the laboratory without heating. How does chlorine react with (a) excess of ammonia and (b) hot sodium hydroxide solution? Explain with equation.

Explanation

Preparation of Chlorine Chlorine gas is prepared in the laboratory by treating HCl over `KMnO_(4)` without heating.
(a) Chlorine gives nitrogen and ammonium chloride with excess ammonia whereas with excess chlorine, nitrogen trichloride (explosive) is formed.
`underset(("Excess"))(8NH_(3)) +3Cl_(2) to 6NH_(4)Cl+N_(2)`
(b) Chlorine reacts with sodium hydroxide solution in the following manner.
`underset(("Hot and conc."))(6NaOH +3Cl_(2)) to 5NaCl +underset("Sodium chlorate")(NaClO_(3)+3H_(2)O)`