in Toad, Bufo melanostictus, toxins occur in

Options

A. Secretion of parotoid glands
B. skin warts
C. both A and B
D. saliva'

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Identify the Organism**: The question refers to the toad species Bufo melanostictus, commonly known as the Indian toad.

2. **Understand the Habitat**: Bufo melanostictus is a terrestrial amphibian that prefers moist and dark environments, such as gardens, under leaves, and stones. It is primarily nocturnal, meaning it is active at night.

3. **Recognize the Glands**: The toad has specialized glands in its skin that secrete substances. These glands are crucial for the toad's defense mechanism.

4. **Identify the Secretion**: The skin glands of Bufo melanostictus secrete a substance known as "Bufotenin." While Bufotenin has healing properties, it is important to note that the toad also has other secretions that serve as toxins.

5. **Locate the Toxins**: The toxins in Bufo melanostictus are specifically secreted by the parotoid glands, which are located behind the eyes of the toad. These glands are responsible for producing toxic secretions that deter predators.

6. **Conclusion**: The correct answer to the question is that the toxins in Bufo melanostictus occur in the parotoid glands.

**Final Answer**: Toxins occur in the parotoid glands of Bufo melanostictus.

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