Extra nuclear DNA in E. coli is termed as

Options

A. `F^(+)` factor
B. Sex factor
C. Episome
D. All of above

Answer

To answer the question "Extra nuclear DNA in E. coli is termed as," we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding E. coli**: E. coli is a type of bacteria that is commonly used in genetic studies. It has a single circular chromosome, but it can also contain extra DNA.

2. **Identifying Extra Nuclear DNA**: The extra nuclear DNA in E. coli refers to DNA that is not part of the main chromosomal DNA. This DNA can exist in different forms.

3. **F Factor**: The F factor (fertility factor) is a type of plasmid that allows for the transfer of genetic material between bacteria through a process called conjugation. It is considered extra nuclear DNA.

4. **Sex Factor**: The term "sex factor" is often used interchangeably with the F factor. It also refers to the ability of the bacteria to transfer genetic material, thus it is another form of extra nuclear DNA.

5. **Episome**: An episome is a type of plasmid that can exist independently of the chromosomal DNA or can integrate into it. It is also considered extra nuclear DNA and can carry genes that provide advantages, such as antibiotic resistance.

6. **Conclusion**: Since F factor, sex factor, and episome all refer to forms of extra nuclear DNA in E. coli, the correct answer to the question is "all of the above."

### Final Answer:
Extra nuclear DNA in E. coli is termed as **all of the above** (F factor, sex factor, episome).

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