In transformation

Options

A. DNA segment of a dead relative enters a living cell and replaces homologous section
B. Chromosomal mutation takes place
C. DNA is duplicated
D. RNA is duplicated.

Answer

**Step-by-Step Solution:**

1. **Understanding Transformation**:
- Transformation is a process of genetic exchange in bacteria where a living cell takes up DNA from its environment. This DNA can come from dead bacterial cells.

2. **Process of Transformation**:
- In transformation, a DNA segment from a dead relative (another bacterium) enters a living bacterial cell.
- This DNA segment is then incorporated into the living cell's genome.

3. **Replacement of Homologous Sections**:
- The DNA segment that has entered the living cell replaces a homologous section of the cell's own DNA. This means that the new DNA is similar enough to the existing DNA that it can take its place.

4. **Evaluating the Options**:
- Option 1 states that "DNA segment of dead relative enters a living cell and replaces homologous section." This accurately describes the process of transformation.
- Option 2 mentions chromosomal mutation, which is not a direct result of transformation.
- Option 3 talks about DNA duplication, which does not occur in transformation.
- Option 4 refers to RNA duplication, which is unrelated to the transformation process.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the explanation of transformation, the correct answer is Option 1.

**Final Answer**: Option 1 - DNA segment of a dead relative enters a living cell and replaces homologous section.

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