Which of the following is produced by genetically engineered bacteria:
(a) Adrenaline
(b) Thyroxine
(c) Insulin
(d) Testosterone

Options

A. Adrenaline
B. Thyroxine
C. Insulin
D. Testosterone.

Answer

To determine which of the following is produced by genetically engineered bacteria, we will analyze each option provided:

1. **Understanding Genetically Engineered Bacteria**: Genetically engineered bacteria, also known as genetically modified bacteria, are bacteria that have had their DNA altered to produce specific substances. This technique is widely used in biotechnology to produce hormones, enzymes, and other biological products.

2. **Analyzing Each Option**:
- **(a) Adrenaline**: Adrenaline is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands in humans and is not typically produced by genetically engineered bacteria.
- **(b) Thyroxine**: Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland and is also not produced by genetically engineered bacteria.
- **(c) Insulin**: Insulin is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. It is produced by genetically engineered bacteria, specifically E. coli, which has been modified to produce insulin by inserting the human insulin gene into its DNA. This process allows the bacteria to synthesize insulin in a form that can be harvested and used for medical purposes.
- **(d) Testosterone**: Testosterone is a hormone produced primarily in the testes and ovaries and is not produced by genetically engineered bacteria.

3. **Conclusion**: Based on the analysis, the only substance among the options that is produced by genetically engineered bacteria is **(c) Insulin**.

### Final Answer:
(c) Insulin