Thallophyta includes

Options

A. Fungi and Bacteria
B. Algae, fungi, Bacteria and Lichens
C. Algae, Fungi and Lichens
D. Algae and Fungi.

Answer

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Thallophyta**: Thallophyta is a group of simple, primitive plants. They are characterized by their undifferentiated body structure, meaning they do not have specialized organs like roots, stems, or leaves.

2. **Identifying Components of Thallophyta**: The main groups that are classified under Thallophyta include:
- **Algae**: These are simple photosynthetic organisms that can be unicellular or multicellular.
- **Fungi**: These are non-photosynthetic organisms that absorb nutrients from their surroundings.
- **Lichens**: These are symbiotic associations between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria.
- **Bacteria**: Some bacteria can also be included in this category due to their simple structure.

3. **Analyzing the Options**: The options provided are:
- A) Fungi and bacteria
- B) Algae, fungi, bacteria, and lichens
- C) Algae, fungi, and lichens
- D) Algae and fungi

4. **Selecting the Correct Option**: Since Thallophyta includes algae, fungi, lichens, and some bacteria, the most comprehensive option that includes all these components is:
- **Option B: Algae, fungi, bacteria, and lichens**.

5. **Conclusion**: Therefore, the correct answer to the question "Thallophyta includes" is **Option B**.