Both hepatic and renal portal systems are found in

Options

A. Fishes , amphibians , reptiles
B. Amphibians , reptiles , mammals
C. Reptiles , aves , mammals
D. Cyclostomes , fishes , amphibians .

Answer

To solve the question "Both hepatic and renal portal systems are found in," we will follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understand the Hepatic Portal System**:
- The hepatic portal system is a network of veins that collects deoxygenated blood from various organs and transports it to the liver.
- The liver detoxifies this blood before it is sent back to the heart.
- This system is primarily found in mammals.

2. **Understand the Renal Portal System**:
- The renal portal system involves the kidneys and is responsible for collecting blood from the posterior part of the body (like the tail or hind limbs).
- This system is typically found in lower vertebrates, such as fishes, amphibians, and reptiles.

3. **Identify the Organisms with Both Systems**:
- Lower caudates (fishes, amphibians, and reptiles) possess both the hepatic and renal portal systems.
- In contrast, higher vertebrates (like mammals) do not have a renal portal system.

4. **Evaluate the Options**:
- Given the options, we need to identify which group of organisms has both the hepatic and renal portal systems.
- The correct group is fishes, amphibians, and reptiles, which are classified as lower caudates.

5. **Conclusion**:
- Therefore, the correct answer to the question is that both hepatic and renal portal systems are found in **fishes, amphibians, and reptiles**.

### Final Answer:
**Option A: Fishes, amphibians, and reptiles.**

---