To solve the question of identifying two cations and two anions that have the same electronic structure as neon, we will follow these steps:
### Step 1: Understand the Electronic Structure of Neon
Neon (Ne) has an atomic number of 10, which means it has 10 electrons. The electronic configuration of neon is 1s² 2s² 2p⁶, which can also be represented as 2, 8, indicating that there are 2 electrons in the first shell and 8 electrons in the second shell.
### Step 2: Identify Cations
Cations are positively charged ions that are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons. We need to find cations that, after losing electrons, have 10 electrons (the same as neon).
1. **Sodium Ion (Na⁺)**:
- Sodium (Na) has an atomic number of 11, with the electronic configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹ (or 2, 8, 1).
- When sodium loses one electron, it becomes Na⁺, which has 10 electrons (1s² 2s² 2p⁶ or 2, 8).
2. **Magnesium Ion (Mg²⁺)**:
- Magnesium (Mg) has an atomic number of 12, with the electronic configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² (or 2, 8, 2).
- When magnesium loses two electrons, it becomes Mg²⁺, which also has 10 electrons (1s² 2s² 2p⁶ or 2, 8).
### Step 3: Identify Anions
Anions are negatively charged ions formed when an atom gains one or more electrons. We need to find anions that, after gaining electrons, also have 10 electrons.
1. **Fluoride Ion (F⁻)**:
- Fluorine (F) has an atomic number of 9, with the electronic configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁵ (or 2, 7).
- When fluorine gains one electron, it becomes F⁻, which has 10 electrons (1s² 2s² 2p⁶ or 2, 8).
2. **Oxide Ion (O²⁻)**:
- Oxygen (O) has an atomic number of 8, with the electronic configuration of 1s² 2s² 2p⁴ (or 2, 6).
- When oxygen gains two electrons, it becomes O²⁻, which also has 10 electrons (1s² 2s² 2p⁶ or 2, 8).
### Final Answer
The two cations are:
1. Sodium ion (Na⁺)
2. Magnesium ion (Mg²⁺)
The two anions are:
1. Fluoride ion (F⁻)
2. Oxide ion (O²⁻)
