What types of hybridisation are associated with central atom when the atoms attached to it from (1) Equilateral triangle (ii) Linear structure (iii) Regular tetrahedron ?

Answer

To determine the types of hybridization associated with the central atom when the atoms attached to it form different geometric shapes, we can analyze each shape step by step.

### Step 1: Equilateral Triangle
1. **Identify the Shape**: The equilateral triangle is formed when there are three atoms attached to a central atom.
2. **Bond Pairs**: In this case, there are three bond pairs of electrons.
3. **Hybridization**: The hybridization that accommodates three bond pairs is **sp²**. This involves the mixing of one s orbital and two p orbitals.
4. **Molecular Geometry**: The molecular geometry associated with sp² hybridization is **trigonal planar**.
5. **Example**: A common example of a molecule with sp² hybridization is **BF₃** (Boron Trifluoride).

### Step 2: Linear Structure
1. **Identify the Shape**: A linear structure is formed when there are two atoms attached to a central atom.
2. **Bond Pairs**: Here, there are two bond pairs of electrons.
3. **Hybridization**: The hybridization that accommodates two bond pairs is **sp**. This involves the mixing of one s orbital and one p orbital.
4. **Molecular Geometry**: The molecular geometry associated with sp hybridization is **linear**.
5. **Example**: A common example of a molecule with sp hybridization is **CO₂** (Carbon Dioxide).

### Step 3: Regular Tetrahedron
1. **Identify the Shape**: A regular tetrahedron is formed when there are four atoms attached to a central atom.
2. **Bond Pairs**: In this case, there are four bond pairs of electrons.
3. **Hybridization**: The hybridization that accommodates four bond pairs is **sp³**. This involves the mixing of one s orbital and three p orbitals.
4. **Molecular Geometry**: The molecular geometry associated with sp³ hybridization is **tetrahedral**.
5. **Example**: A common example of a molecule with sp³ hybridization is **CH₄** (Methane).

### Summary of Hybridizations
- **Equilateral Triangle**: Hybridization = **sp²**, Geometry = **Trigonal Planar** (Example: BF₃)
- **Linear Structure**: Hybridization = **sp**, Geometry = **Linear** (Example: CO₂)
- **Regular Tetrahedron**: Hybridization = **sp³**, Geometry = **Tetrahedral** (Example: CH₄)