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The types of hybrid orbitals of nitrogen...

The types of hybrid orbitals of nitrogen in `NO_(2)^(+), NO_(3)^(+) and NH_(4)^(+)` respectively are expected to be :

A

`sp,sp^(2)and sp^(2)`

B

`sp,sp^(2)and sp^(3)`

C

`sp^(2),spand sp^(3)`

D

`sp^(2),sp^(3)and sp`

Text Solution

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The correct Answer is:
To determine the types of hybrid orbitals of nitrogen in \( NO_2^+, NO_3^+, \) and \( NH_4^+ \), we will analyze each species step by step. ### Step 1: Analyze \( NO_2^+ \) 1. **Count the Valence Electrons:** - Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons. - The positive charge indicates the loss of one electron, so nitrogen effectively has \( 5 - 1 = 4 \) valence electrons. 2. **Determine Bonding:** - In \( NO_2^+ \), nitrogen forms double bonds with both oxygen atoms. - This results in 2 bond pairs. 3. **Determine Hybridization:** - With 2 bond pairs, the hybridization of nitrogen in \( NO_2^+ \) is \( sp \). ### Step 2: Analyze \( NO_3^+ \) 1. **Count the Valence Electrons:** - Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. - The positive charge means nitrogen has \( 5 - 1 = 4 \) valence electrons. 2. **Determine Bonding:** - In \( NO_3^+ \), nitrogen forms one double bond with one oxygen and two single bonds with the other two oxygens. - This results in 3 bond pairs. 3. **Determine Hybridization:** - With 3 bond pairs, the hybridization of nitrogen in \( NO_3^+ \) is \( sp^2 \). ### Step 3: Analyze \( NH_4^+ \) 1. **Count the Valence Electrons:** - Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons. - The positive charge means nitrogen has \( 5 - 1 = 4 \) valence electrons. 2. **Determine Bonding:** - In \( NH_4^+ \), nitrogen forms single bonds with four hydrogen atoms. - This results in 4 bond pairs. 3. **Determine Hybridization:** - With 4 bond pairs, the hybridization of nitrogen in \( NH_4^+ \) is \( sp^3 \). ### Final Answer The types of hybrid orbitals of nitrogen in \( NO_2^+, NO_3^+, \) and \( NH_4^+ \) respectively are: - \( NO_2^+ \): \( sp \) - \( NO_3^+ \): \( sp^2 \) - \( NH_4^+ \): \( sp^3 \) ### Summary of Hybridizations - \( NO_2^+ \): \( sp \) - \( NO_3^+ \): \( sp^2 \) - \( NH_4^+ \): \( sp^3 \)
To determine the types of hybrid orbitals of nitrogen in \( NO_2^+, NO_3^+, \) and \( NH_4^+ \), we will analyze each species step by step. ### Step 1: Analyze \( NO_2^+ \) 1. **Count the Valence Electrons:** - Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons. - The positive charge indicates the loss of one electron, so nitrogen effectively has \( 5 - 1 = 4 \) valence electrons. ...
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