Dissociation constant of benzoic acid, `p-`nitro benzoic acid and `p-`hydroxy benzoic acid are `6.3 xx 10^(-5), 36 xx 10^(-5) " and ", 2.5 xx 10^(-5)` respectively. Explain

Explanation

To explain the dissociation constants of benzoic acid, p-nitrobenzoic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid, we need to analyze how the substituents on the benzene ring affect the acidity of these compounds.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Compounds:**
- **Benzoic Acid (C6H5COOH):** This is the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. Its dissociation constant (Ka) is given as \(6.3 \times 10^{-5}\).
- **p-Nitrobenzoic Acid (C6H4(NO2)COOH):** This compound has a nitro group (-NO2) at the para position relative to the carboxylic acid group. Its dissociation constant (Ka) is \(36 \times 10^{-5}\).
- **p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid (C6H4(OH)COOH):** This compound has a hydroxyl group (-OH) at the para position relative to the carboxylic acid group. Its dissociation constant (Ka) is \(2.5 \times 10^{-5}\).
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