0.378 g of an organic compound containing carbon and hydrogen was subjected to combustion by Liebig's method , the `CO_(2)` and `H_(2)O`formed were passed through potash bulbs and `CaCl_(2)` (anhydrous) tube. At end of the experiment, the increase in the respective weights were 0.264 g and 0.162 g. Calculate the percentage of carbon and hydrogen.

Explanation

To solve the problem, we need to calculate the percentage of carbon and hydrogen in the organic compound based on the combustion data provided. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step 1: Identify the mass of CO₂ and H₂O produced
From the problem, we know:
- Mass of CO₂ produced = 0.264 g
- Mass of H₂O produced = 0.162 g

### Step 2: Calculate the mass of carbon in CO₂
The mass of carbon in CO₂ can be calculated using the formula:
\[ \text{Mass of Carbon} = \left( \frac{\text{Molar Mass of Carbon}}{\text{Molar Mass of CO₂}} \right) \times \text{Mass of CO₂} \]
Where:
- Molar Mass of Carbon (C) = 12 g/mol
- Molar Mass of CO₂ = 44 g/mol

Substituting the values:
\[ \text{Mass of Carbon} = \left( \frac{12}{44} \right) \times 0.264 = 0.072 \text{ g} \]

### Step 3: Calculate the mass of hydrogen in H₂O
The mass of hydrogen in H₂O can be calculated using the formula:
\[ \text{Mass of Hydrogen} = \left( \frac{\text{Molar Mass of Hydrogen}}{\text{Molar Mass of H₂O}} \right) \times \text{Mass of H₂O} \]
Where:
- Molar Mass of Hydrogen (H₂) = 2 g/mol (for 2 H atoms)
- Molar Mass of H₂O = 18 g/mol

Substituting the values:
\[ \text{Mass of Hydrogen} = \left( \frac{2}{18} \right) \times 0.162 = 0.018 \text{ g} \]

### Step 4: Calculate the total mass of the organic compound
The total mass of the organic compound is given as:
\[ \text{Total mass of organic compound} = 0.378 \text{ g} \]

### Step 5: Calculate the percentage of carbon
The percentage of carbon in the organic compound can be calculated using the formula:
\[ \text{Percentage of Carbon} = \left( \frac{\text{Mass of Carbon}}{\text{Total mass of organic compound}} \right) \times 100 \]
Substituting the values:
\[ \text{Percentage of Carbon} = \left( \frac{0.072}{0.378} \right) \times 100 \approx 19.05\% \]

### Step 6: Calculate the percentage of hydrogen
The percentage of hydrogen in the organic compound can be calculated using the formula:
\[ \text{Percentage of Hydrogen} = \left( \frac{\text{Mass of Hydrogen}}{\text{Total mass of organic compound}} \right) \times 100 \]
Substituting the values:
\[ \text{Percentage of Hydrogen} = \left( \frac{0.018}{0.378} \right) \times 100 \approx 4.76\% \]

### Final Result
- Percentage of Carbon = 19.05%
- Percentage of Hydrogen = 4.76%