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What is the effect of introducing an alk...

What is the effect of introducing an alkyl group on the stability of carbocation?

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To answer the question regarding the effect of introducing an alkyl group on the stability of a carbocation, we can break down the explanation into clear steps: ### Step-by-Step Solution: 1. **Understanding Carbocations**: - A carbocation is a positively charged carbon atom that has only six electrons in its valence shell, making it electron-deficient and unstable. 2. **Factors Affecting Carbocation Stability**: ...
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Reaction intermdiates are short lived species and are highly reactive. They are formed by heterolytic and homolytic bond fission. There are various types of reaction intermediates in which the most important are carbocation , carbanion and free radical. Carbocation is an organic species in which carbon have positive charge and six electrons in its outermost shell. The stability of carbocation can be increased by positive inductive effect, hyperconjugation and delocalisation. If alpha -atom with respect to carbocation has one or more lone pair of electron then lone pair of electron strongly stabilises the carbocation due to octet completion. Species in which carbon have negative charge is called carbanion. Carbanion carries three bond pairs and one lone pair. The stability of carbanion can be increased by negative inductive effect, negative mesomeric effect and delocalisation. Free radical is a species which have seven electrons in its outermost shell. The stability of free radical can be increased by hyperconjugation and delocalisation. The stability order of following carbocations is

Reaction intermdiates are short lived species and are highly reactive. They are formed by heterolytic and homolytic bond fission. There are various types of reaction intermediates in which the most important are carbocation , carbanion and free radical. Carbocation is an organic species in which carbon have positive charge and six electrons in its outermost shell. The stability of carbocation can be increased by positive inductive effect, hyperconjugation and delocalisation. If alpha -atom with respect to carbocation has one or more lone pair of electron then lone pair of electron strongly stabilises the carbocation due to octet completion. Species in which carbon have negative charge is called carbanion. Carbanion carries three bond pairs and one lone pair. The stability of carbanion can be increased by negative inductive effect, negative mesomeric effect and delocalisation. Free radical is a species which have seven electrons in its outermost shell. The stability of free radical can be increased by hyperconjugation and delocalisation. The stability order of following free radicals is: C_(6)H_(5)underset(I)CH_(2)overset(*)CH_(2)" "CH_(3)underset(II)CH_(2)overset(*)CH_(2)" "underset(" "III)(C_(6)H_(5))overset(*)CH_(2)" "underset(IV)(CH_(3)^(*)

Alkyl halides are formed when thionyl chloride and _____ are refluxed in presence of pyridine. The order of reactivity (3^(@)gt2^(@)gt1^(@)) is due to +1 effect of the alkyl group which____ the polarity of C-X bond.