The resonance effect is defined as 'the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two `pi`-bonds or between a `pi`-bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacentatom.' The effect is transmitted through the chain.
In positive resonance effect, the transfer of electrons is away from an atom or substituent group attached to the conjugated system. This electron displacement makes certain positions in the molecule of high electron densities. In negative resonance effect, the transfer of electrons is towards the atom or substituent group attached to the conjugated system.
The correct statement regarding a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha carbon, is

Options

A. a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha-carbon rapidly equilibrates with its corresponding enol and this process is known as carbonylation
B. a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha-carbon rapidly equilibrates with its corresponding enol and this process is known as keto-enol tautomerism
C. a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha-carbon never equilibrates with its corresponding enol
D. a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha-carbon radidly equilibrates with its corresponding enol and this process is known as aldehyde-ketone equilibration.

Explanation

To solve the question regarding the correct statement about a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha carbon, we need to analyze the provided statements based on our understanding of resonance and tautomerism.

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Carbonyl Group**:
- A carbonyl group (C=O) is a functional group found in aldehydes and ketones. The carbon atom of the carbonyl group is typically bonded to other carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms.

2. **Identifying Alpha Carbon**:
- The alpha carbon is the carbon atom directly adjacent to the carbonyl carbon. If there are hydrogen atoms on this alpha carbon, they can participate in tautomerism.

3. **Keto-Enol Tautomerism**:
- Tautomerism is a type of isomerism where two isomers (keto and enol forms) can interconvert. In the case of carbonyl compounds with alpha hydrogens, the keto form (C=O) can convert to the enol form (C=C-OH) through the movement of a hydrogen atom and a double bond.

4. **Evaluating the Statements**:
- **Statement 1**: "A carbonyl group with hydrogen atom on its alpha carbon rapidly equilibrates with its corresponding enol and this process is called carbonate."
- This statement is incorrect because the term "carbonate" is not applicable here. The correct term is "keto-enol tautomerism."

- **Statement 2**: "A carbonyl group compound with a hydrogen on its alpha carbon rapidly equilibrates with its corresponding enol to form keto-enol tautomerism."
- This statement is correct as it accurately describes the process of keto-enol tautomerism.

- **Statement 3**: "The carbonyl compound does not undergo any equilibrations."
- This statement is incorrect because carbonyl compounds with alpha hydrogens do undergo tautomerism.

- **Statement 4**: "Aldehyde ketone equilibration is there."
- This statement is incorrect as it uses an incorrect term. The correct term is keto-enol tautomerism.

5. **Conclusion**:
- The only correct statement regarding a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha carbon is **Statement 2**.

### Final Answer:
The correct statement regarding a carbonyl compound with a hydrogen atom on its alpha carbon is:
"A carbonyl group compound with a hydrogen on its alpha carbon rapidly equilibrates with its corresponding enol to form keto-enol tautomerism."