How will you separate a mixture of two miscible liquids benzene and chloroform ?

Options

A. sublimation
B. Filtration
C. Fractional distillation
D. Crystallisation

Explanation

To separate a mixture of two miscible liquids, benzene and chloroform, we can use the method of fractional distillation. Here’s a step-by-step solution:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding the Properties**:
- Benzene and chloroform are both miscible liquids, meaning they can mix in all proportions.
- They have different boiling points: chloroform has a boiling point of 60°C, while benzene has a boiling point of 80°C.

2. **Choosing the Method**:
- Since the boiling points of the two liquids are relatively close (less than 25°C apart), fractional distillation is the most suitable method for separation.

3. **Setting Up the Apparatus**:
- Set up a fractional distillation apparatus. This typically includes a distillation flask, a fractionating column, a condenser, and receiving flasks.
- The fractionating column helps in separating the components based on their boiling points.

4. **Heating the Mixture**:
- Heat the mixture in the distillation flask. As the temperature rises, chloroform will vaporize first due to its lower boiling point.

5. **Condensation**:
- The vapor of chloroform will rise through the fractionating column and enter the condenser, where it will cool and condense back into liquid form.

6. **Collection**:
- Collect the condensed chloroform in a receiving flask. This will occur until the temperature reaches around 60°C, at which point most of the chloroform will have been distilled off.

7. **Continuing the Process**:
- After most of the chloroform has been collected, the temperature will rise to 80°C, indicating that benzene is now starting to vaporize.
- Change the receiving flask to collect the benzene, which will now condense in the condenser.

8. **Final Separation**:
- Continue the process until you have collected the desired amount of benzene. You will now have two separate liquids: chloroform and benzene.

### Final Result:
By using fractional distillation, you have successfully separated the mixture of benzene and chloroform based on their boiling points.

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