Expalin why does conductivity of germainum crystals increase on doping with galium ?

Explanation

To explain why the conductivity of germanium crystals increases when doped with gallium, we can break down the process into several steps:

### Step 1: Understanding the Elements
- **Germanium (Ge)** is a group 14 element that has four electrons in its outermost shell. This allows germanium to form four covalent bonds with neighboring atoms.
- **Gallium (Ga)** is a group 13 element that has three electrons in its outermost shell. This means gallium can only form three covalent bonds.

### Step 2: Doping Process
- When germanium is doped with gallium, gallium atoms replace some of the germanium atoms in the crystal lattice.
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