How will your prepare teriary butyl alcohol from acetic acid ?

Answer

To prepare tertiary butyl alcohol from acetic acid, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Formation of Ethyl Acetate
1. **React acetic acid with ethyl alcohol** in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).
- **Reaction**:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{COOH} + \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \xrightarrow{\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4} \text{CH}_3\text{COOC}_2\text{H}_5 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \]
- This reaction results in the formation of **ethyl acetate** (CH₃COOC₂H₅) and water.

### Step 2: Reaction with Grignard Reagent
2. **React ethyl acetate with a Grignard reagent**, specifically methyl magnesium iodide (CH₃MgI), in dry ether.
- **Reaction**:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{COOC}_2\text{H}_5 + \text{CH}_3\text{MgI} \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} \text{CH}_3\text{C(OH)(C}_2\text{H}_5)\text{MgI} \]
- This forms an addition product where the Grignard reagent adds to the carbonyl carbon of ethyl acetate.

### Step 3: Formation of Propanone
3. **Remove the magnesium iodide** and convert the addition product to propanone (acetone).
- **Reaction**:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{C(OH)(C}_2\text{H}_5)\text{MgI} \xrightarrow{\text{removal of MgI}} \text{CH}_3\text{C(=O)C}_2\text{H}_5 \]
- This results in the formation of **propanone** (acetone).

### Step 4: Second Reaction with Grignard Reagent
4. **React propanone with another equivalent of methyl magnesium iodide** in dry ether.
- **Reaction**:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{C(=O)C}_2\text{H}_5 + \text{CH}_3\text{MgI} \xrightarrow{\text{dry ether}} \text{CH}_3\text{C(OH)(C}_3\text{H}_7)\text{MgI} \]
- This again forms an addition product.

### Step 5: Final Product Formation
5. **Hydrolyze the addition product** to obtain tertiary butyl alcohol.
- **Reaction**:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{C(OH)(C}_3\text{H}_7)\text{MgI} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{(CH}_3)_3\text{COH} + \text{Mg(OH)I} \]
- The final product is **tertiary butyl alcohol** ((CH₃)₃COH).

### Summary of Steps
1. Acetic acid + Ethyl alcohol → Ethyl acetate + Water.
2. Ethyl acetate + Methyl magnesium iodide → Addition product.
3. Addition product → Propanone (acetone).
4. Propanone + Methyl magnesium iodide → Second addition product.
5. Second addition product + Water → Tertiary butyl alcohol.

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