How will you convert propanoic acid to ethyl amine ?

Explanation

To convert propanoic acid (CH3CH2COOH) to ethyl amine (CH3CH2NH2), we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Convert Propanoic Acid to Propanoyl Chloride
- **Reaction**: Propanoic acid reacts with thionyl chloride (SOCl2).
- **Equation**:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{COOH} + \text{SOCl}_2 \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{COCl} + \text{SO}_2 + \text{HCl} \]
- **Product**: Propanoyl chloride (CH3CH2COCl) is formed.

### Step 2: Convert Propanoyl Chloride to Propionamide
- **Reaction**: Propanoyl chloride reacts with excess ammonia (NH3).
- **Equation**:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{COCl} + \text{NH}_3 \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CONH}_2 + \text{NH}_4\text{Cl} \]
- **Product**: Propionamide (CH3CH2CONH2) is formed.

### Step 3: Convert Propionamide to Ethyl Amine
- **Reaction**: Propionamide undergoes Hofmann degradation in the presence of bromine (Br2) and potassium hydroxide (KOH).
- **Equation**:
\[ \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CONH}_2 + \text{Br}_2 + 4\text{KOH} \rightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{NH}_2 + 2\text{KBr} + \text{K}_2\text{CO}_3 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \]
- **Product**: Ethyl amine (CH3CH2NH2) is formed.

### Final Reaction Summary:
1. Propanoic acid + Thionyl chloride → Propanoyl chloride
2. Propanoyl chloride + Ammonia → Propionamide
3. Propionamide + Bromine + KOH → Ethyl amine