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What is the order of dehydration of prim...

What is the order of dehydration of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols?

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(a) Nitro `(- NO_(2))` group is an electron withdrawing group due to `- I` and `- R` effects. Under its influences, `O-H` bond is under strain and release of `H^(+)` becomes easy. The methoxy `(-OCH_(3))` group on the other hand is an electron releasing group because of `+ I` and `+ R` effects. Due to its presence, the electron density on the ring as well as on the `O-H` bond increases. This makes the release of `H^(+)` ion difficult.

(b) In alcohol, the lone electron pair on oxygen is available for protonation. However, it is less available in phenol because of its conjugation with the pi-electrons of the ring.
(c) This attributed to the relative stabilities of the carbocations in the order :
tertiary `gt` secondary `gt` primary. For more details, consult section 8
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