The valence orbital configuration of an element with atomic number 23 is

Options

A. `3d^(5)`
B. `3d^(3), 4s^(2)`
C. `3d^(3), 4s^(1), 4p^(1)`
D. `3d^(2), 4s^(2), 4p^(1)`

Answer

To determine the valence orbital configuration of an element with atomic number 23, we can follow these steps:

### Step 1: Identify the Element
The element with atomic number 23 is Vanadium (V).

### Step 2: Determine the Electron Configuration
We need to write the electron configuration for Vanadium. The electron configuration is built by filling the orbitals in the order of increasing energy levels according to the Aufbau principle.

1. **1s orbital**: 2 electrons → 1s²
2. **2s orbital**: 2 electrons → 2s²
3. **2p orbital**: 6 electrons → 2p⁶
4. **3s orbital**: 2 electrons → 3s²
5. **3p orbital**: 6 electrons → 3p⁶
6. **4s orbital**: 2 electrons → 4s²
7. **3d orbital**: 3 electrons → 3d³

Putting this all together, the complete electron configuration for Vanadium is:
\[ \text{1s}^2 \, \text{2s}^2 \, \text{2p}^6 \, \text{3s}^2 \, \text{3p}^6 \, \text{4s}^2 \, \text{3d}^3 \]

### Step 3: Identify the Valence Orbitals
The valence orbitals are the outermost orbitals that contain the electrons involved in bonding. For Vanadium, the valence orbitals are:
- 4s²
- 3d³

### Step 4: Write the Valence Orbital Configuration
The valence orbital configuration can be expressed as:
\[ \text{4s}^2 \, \text{3d}^3 \]

### Final Answer
The valence orbital configuration of the element with atomic number 23 (Vanadium) is:
\[ \text{4s}^2 \, \text{3d}^3 \]

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