A metal surface is exposed to solar radiations. Which of the following is true?

Options

A. The emitted electrons have energy less than a maximum value or energy depending upon the frequency of the incident radiation.
B. The emitted electrons have energy less than the maximum value of energy depending
C. The intensity of incident radiation
D. The emitted electrons have energy equal to energy of photons of incident light.

Answer

To solve the question regarding the exposure of a metal surface to solar radiation and determine which statement is true, we can follow these steps:

### Step-by-Step Solution:

1. **Understanding Solar Radiation**:
- Solar radiation consists of packets of energy called quanta or photons, represented by \( h\nu \), where \( h \) is Planck's constant and \( \nu \) is the frequency of the radiation.

2. **Interaction with Electrons**:
- When solar radiation hits the metal surface, the electrons in the metal can absorb this energy. If the energy absorbed is sufficient, the electrons can be emitted from the surface.

3. **Photoelectric Effect**:
- According to the photoelectric effect, the energy of the incident photon (\( h\nu \)) is used to overcome the work function (threshold energy, \( h\nu_0 \)) of the metal and also to provide kinetic energy to the emitted electron. This can be expressed by the equation:
\[ h\nu = h\nu_0 + KE \]
- Here, \( KE \) is the kinetic energy of the emitted electron.

4. **Analyzing the Options**:
- We need to evaluate the statements provided in the question to find the true one.

5. **Evaluating the First Option**:
- The first option states that "the emitted electron has energy less than a maximum value of energy depending on the frequency of the incident radiation."
- This statement is true because the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons depends on the energy of the incident photons minus the work function of the metal.

6. **Evaluating the Second Option**:
- The second option suggests that "the emitted electron has energy greater than the maximum value."
- This is false because emitted electrons cannot have energy greater than the maximum energy provided by the incident photons.

7. **Evaluating the Third Option**:
- The third option claims "the intensity of incident radiation affects the energy of emitted electrons."
- This is incorrect; intensity affects the number of emitted electrons, not their energy.

8. **Conclusion**:
- Based on the analysis, the first statement is the only true statement regarding the emission of electrons from a metal surface exposed to solar radiation.

### Final Answer:
The true statement is: "The emitted electron has energy less than a maximum value of energy depending on the frequency of the incident radiation."